Resizing Linux

Having a Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS running virtualized with a minimal installation in a 4G virtual disk:

I was thinking to create VM clones from the pattern, but in order to be useful, it is necessary reconfigure the disk space.
I made this in a new virtual machine, not in production, so you can do it at your own risk.

1. add a 100G virtual disk to the clone
2. created partition LVM
3. created physical disk
4. added to volume group
5. resized root to 4G
6. resized swap to 4G
7. created new logical volume for var, usr, home and tmp
8. moved var, usr, home and tmp to new space.

 

 Checking what we have. We see root and swap. We see a new disk with 100G.

Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-32-generic i686)

* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/

Last login: Mon Nov 10 09:46:27 2014 from 172.16.1.11

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL

[sudo] password for elder:

NAME FSTYPE SIZE MOUNTPOINT LABEL

sda 4G

├─sda1 ext2 243M /boot

├─sda2 1K

└─sda5 LVM2_member 3.8G

├─JeOS--vg-root (dm-0) ext4 3.2G /

└─JeOS--vg-swap_1 (dm-1) swap 508M [SWAP]

sdb 100G

sr0 1024M

 

Creating partition.

elder@JeOS:~$sudo sfdisk /dev/sdb << EOF

> ,,8e

> EOF

Checking that no-one is using this disk right now ...

OK

Disk /dev/sdb: 13054 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track

Old situation:

Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0

Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

/dev/sdb2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

/dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

/dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

New situation:

Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0

Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 0+ 13053 13054- 104856254+ 8e Linux LVM

/dev/sdb2 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

/dev/sdb3 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

/dev/sdb4 0 - 0 0 0 Empty

Warning: no primary partition is marked bootable (active)

This does not matter for LILO, but the DOS MBR will not boot this disk.

Successfully wrote the new partition table

Re-reading the partition table ...

If you created or changed a DOS partition, /dev/foo7, say, then use dd(1)

to zero the first 512 bytes: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/foo7 bs=512 count=1

(See fdisk(8).)

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL

NAME FSTYPE SIZE MOUNTPOINT LABEL

sda 4G

├─sda1 ext2 243M /boot

├─sda2 1K

└─sda5 LVM2_member 3.8G

├─JeOS--vg-root (dm-0) ext4 3.2G /

└─JeOS--vg-swap_1 (dm-1) swap 508M [SWAP]

sdb 100G

└─sdb1 100G

sr0 1024M

elder@JeOS:~$sudo pvdisplay

--- Physical volume ---

PV Name /dev/sda5

VG Name JeOS-vg

PV Size 3.76 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB

Allocatable yes

PE Size 4.00 MiB

Total PE 962

Free PE 10

Allocated PE 952

PV UUID Xp75Xb-3Tj1-BwEm-QB79-AS2l-ZXsu-pYqzC2

 

Creating physical volume.

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb1

Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo pvscan

PV /dev/sda5 VG JeOS-vg lvm2 [3.76 GiB / 40.00 MiB free]

PV /dev/sdb1 lvm2 [100.00 GiB]

Total: 2 [103.76 GiB] / in use: 1 [3.76 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [100.00 GiB]

 

Attaching to existing volume.

 

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo vgextend JeOS-vg /dev/sdb1

Volume group "JeOS-vg" successfully extended

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo pvscan

PV /dev/sda5 VG JeOS-vg lvm2 [3.76 GiB / 40.00 MiB free]

PV /dev/sdb1 VG JeOS-vg lvm2 [100.00 GiB / 100.00 GiB free]

Total: 2 [103.75 GiB] / in use: 2 [103.75 GiB] / in no VG: 0 [0 ]

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvscan

ACTIVE '/dev/JeOS-vg/root' [3.22 GiB] inherit

ACTIVE '/dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1' [508.00 MiB] inherit

 

Extending root to 4G.

 

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvextend -L4G /dev/JeOS-vg/root

Extending logical volume root to 4.00 GiB

Logical volume root successfully resized

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo df

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-root 3260568 643788 2431436 21% /

none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

udev 509464 4 509460 1% /dev

tmpfs 102600 332 102268 1% /run

none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock

none 512992 0 512992 0% /run/shm

none 102400 0 102400 0% /run/user

/dev/sda1 240972 22406 206125 10% /boot

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo resize2fs /dev/JeOS-vg/root

resize2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)

Filesystem at /dev/JeOS-vg/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required

old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1

The filesystem on /dev/JeOS-vg/root is now 1048576 blocks long.

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo df

Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-root 4063424 644620 3202004 17% /

none 4 0 4 0% /sys/fs/cgroup

udev 509464 4 509460 1% /dev

tmpfs 102600 332 102268 1% /run

none 5120 0 5120 0% /run/lock

none 512992 0 512992 0% /run/shm

none 102400 0 102400 0% /run/user

/dev/sda1 240972 22406 206125 10% /boot

 

 Extending swap to 4G.

 

elder@JeOS:~$ cat /proc/swaps

Filename Type Size Used Priority

/dev/dm-1 partition 520188 0 -1

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvscan

ACTIVE '/dev/JeOS-vg/root' [4.00 GiB] inherit

ACTIVE '/dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1' [508.00 MiB] inherit

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo swapoff /dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvextend -L4G /dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1

Extending logical volume swap_1 to 4.00 GiB

Logical volume swap_1 successfully resized

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo mkswap /dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1

mkswap: /dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1: warning: don't erase bootbits sectors

on whole disk. Use -f to force.

Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4194300 KiB

no label, UUID=1da2e07b-9f6d-45e1-888b-4461c18a83da

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo swapon /dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo cat /proc/swaps

Filename Type Size Used Priority

/dev/dm-1 partition 4194300 0 -1

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvscan

ACTIVE '/dev/JeOS-vg/root' [4.00 GiB] inherit

ACTIVE '/dev/JeOS-vg/swap_1' [4.00 GiB] inherit

 

Creating logical volumes and formating for var, usr, home and tmp. 

 

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvcreate -L 800 -n home JeOS-vg

Logical volume "home" created

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvcreate -L 1G -n tmp JeOS-vg

Logical volume "tmp" created

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvcreate -L 80G -n var JeOS-vg

Logical volume "var" created

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo lvcreate -L 10G -n usr JeOS-vg

Logical volume "usr" created

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/JeOS-vg/home

mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

51296 inodes, 204800 blocks

10240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200

7 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

7328 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840

Allocating group tables: 0/7 done

Writing inode tables: 0/7 done

Creating journal (4096 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 0/7 done

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/JeOS-vg/tmp

mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

65536 inodes, 262144 blocks

13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456

8 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376

Allocating group tables: 0/8 done

Writing inode tables: 0/8 done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 0/8 done

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/JeOS-vg/var

mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

5242880 inodes, 20971520 blocks

1048576 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=0

640 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000

Allocating group tables: 0/640 done

Writing inode tables: 0/640 done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 0/640 done

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/JeOS-vg/usr

mke2fs 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

655360 inodes, 2621440 blocks

131072 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560

80 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: 0/80 done

Writing inode tables: 0/80 done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 0/80 done

 

Here we need go into single user mode in order to move var, usr, home and tmp to the new locations created. All connections will be lost and be sure that you have access to console. 

 

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo telinit s #Single user mode, out of production

[sudo] password for elder:

 

Tmp is a temporaly folder and a copy is not needed. Mounting var, usr and home in temporal locations. 

 

root@JeOS:~# mkdir /mnt/home #it is not needed a tmp copy

root@JeOS:~# mkdir /mnt/var

root@JeOS:~# mkdir /mnt/usr

root@JeOS:~# mount /dev/mapper/JeOS—vg-home /mnt/home

root@JeOS:~# mount /dev/mapper/JeOS—vg-var /mnt/var

root@JeOS:~# mount /dev/mapper/JeOS—vg-usr /mnt/usr

Coping data  var, usr and home ...

root@JeOS:~# cp -ax /home/* /mnt/home

root@JeOS:~# cp -ax /var/* /mnt/var

root@JeOS:~# cp -ax /usr/* /mnt/usr

root@JeOS:~# mv /home /home.old

root@JeOS:~# mv /var /var.old

root@JeOS:~# mv /usr /usr.old

root@JeOS:~# mv /tmp /tmp.old
root@JeOS:~# mkdir /home
root@JeOS:~# mkdir /var
root@JeOS:~# mkdir /usr
root@JeOS:~# mkdir /tmp
root@JeOS:~# chmod 1777 /tmp #permissions for tmp

 

Modifing fstab with the /dev/mapper links founded in lsblk.

root@JeOS:~# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda 8:0 0 4G 0 disk

|-sda1 8:1 0 243M 0 part /boot

|-sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part

`-sda5 8:5 0 3.8G 0 part

|-JeOS--vg-root (dm-0) 252:0 0 4G 0 lvm /

`-JeOS--vg-swap_1 (dm-1) 252:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]

sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk

`-sdb1 8:17 0 100G 0 part

|-JeOS--vg-root (dm-0) 252:0 0 4G 0 lvm /

|-JeOS--vg-swap_1 (dm-1) 252:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]

|-JeOS--vg-home (dm-2) 252:2 0 800M 0 lvm

|-JeOS--vg-tmp (dm-3) 252:3 0 1G 0 lvm

|-JeOS--vg-var (dm-4) 252:4 0 80G 0 lvm

`-JeOS--vg-usr (dm-5) 252:5 0 10G 0 lvm

sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

root@JeOS:~# echo '/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-home /home ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab

root@JeOS:~# echo '/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-var /var ext4 defaults 0 0 ' >> /etc/fstab

root@JeOS:~# echo '/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-usr /usr ext4 defaults 0 0 ' >> /etc/fstab

root@JeOS:~# echo '/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-tmp /tmp ext4 defaults 0 0 ' >>/etc/fstab

root@JeOS:~# cat /etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.

#

# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a

# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices

# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).

#

# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-root / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1

# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation

UUID=fa4cb140-0c28-4c06-823e-2f0bb11d08ef /boot ext2 defaults 0 2

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-swap_1 none swap sw 0 0

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-home /home ext4 defaults 0 0

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-var /var ext4 defaults 0 0

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-usr /usr ext4 defaults 0 0

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-tmp /tmp ext4 defaults 0 0

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-root on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)

proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)

none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw)

none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)

none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)

none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)

udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620)

tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)

none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)

none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)

none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755)

none on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext2 (rw)

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-home on /home type ext4 (rw)

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-var on /var type ext4 (rw)

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-usr on /usr type ext4 (rw)

/dev/mapper/JeOS--vg-tmp on /tmp type ext4 (rw)

 

Mounting new entries and checking.

 

root@JeOS:~# mount -a

root@JeOS:~# ls /var

backups

cache

lib

local

lock

log

lost+found

mail

opt

run

spool

tmp

root@JeOS:~# reboot

 

For me everything was good after rebooting, so clean your own dirt.

 

elder@JeOS:~$ sudo rm -d /mnt/*
elder@JeOS:~$ sudo rm -r /*.old